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Research outputs

Open-access publications, software releases, and work in preparation. All scientific outputs are anchored via OpenTimestamps prior to publication and made openly accessible, where feasible, as preprints (arXiv) and with DOI (Zenodo).

Featured paper

Open, dated, reproducible.

ZenBrain: A Neuroscience-Inspired 7-Layer Memory Architecture for Autonomous AI Systems

Author

Alexander Bering

Date

May 2026

Publication form

Open-access preprint (arXiv) and open-access publication with DOI (Zenodo)

Summary (short form)

This work presents a seven-layer memory architecture for autonomous AI systems whose design principles are derived from cognitive neuroscience. The architecture integrates Working Memory, Short-Term Memory, Episodic Memory, Semantic Memory, Procedural Memory, Core Memory, and Cross-Context Memory into a unified system. Consolidation follows sleep-replay mechanisms with Hebbian-driven strengthening and Ebbinghaus-driven decay. The architecture is available as a modular open-source library under Apache 2.0 and is deployed in production applications. In evaluation on LongMemEval-500 with three independent LLM judges, three of nine head-to-head comparisons hold, all three against A-Mem (Bonferroni-corrected, p ≤ 6.2·10⁻³¹); the remaining six, against Letta and Mem0, are ties at the paper's own criterion, with none lost. It reaches 91.3% of long-context-oracle accuracy at 1/109.6 of the token budget.

The full scientific abstract and the formal presentation of methods and results are available in the preprint and DOI versions.

Access

arXiv preprint: arXiv:2604.23878 → (opens in new tab)PDF (full text): arXiv → (opens in new tab)Zenodo (DOI): 10.5281/zenodo.19353663 → (opens in new tab)Code: zensation-ai/zenbrain → (opens in new tab)

What this means in practice: read the analysis on our blog →

Reception

Cited in current research

Five works cite ZenBrain (as of 28 September 2026): a survey by the Sico team at Microsoft Research, MindMemOS by Huawei's Noah's Ark Lab, the EVD preprint, the HindsightTag manuscript and the Lamperouge manifesto. All five appeared within four months of the arXiv preprint of 26 April 2026.

Lamperouge

The manifesto “The field measures the wrong thing” (Lamperouge, Zenodo preprint, 16 August 2026) selects six works on persistent internal state, names ZenBrain among them, and notes right after that its “days” are simulation steps.

The citing sentence

ZenBrain (arXiv:2604.23878) has the most serious neuromodulator engine … which puts it above almost everyone.

Lamperouge, section selecting the six works.

Zenodo → (opens in new tab)

MindMemOS

For the foundational claim of its introduction, MindMemOS (Huawei's Noah's Ark Lab, arXiv:2608.12428, 12 August 2026) relies on exactly three references: two field surveys and a single system paper — ZenBrain. Eight other memory systems are named in the same section; none of them holds that spot. The first paragraph of its introduction carries seven references: four software references, two field surveys and a single system paper — ZenBrain.

The citing sentence

Memory therefore serves as an external information substrate that supports long-term personalization, knowledge reuse, and experience accumulation [12, 4, 36].

MindMemOS, Section 1. Reference [4] is ZenBrain.

Paper → (opens in new tab)Archived full text → (opens in new tab)

HindsightTag

The manuscript HindsightTag by Vivek Govindbhai Dudhat on retroactive memory consolidation in LLM agents (July 2026) positions itself against ZenBrain as its closest prior system, uses ZenBrain's MemoryCoordinator interface as its integration example, and notes that ZenBrain names synaptic tagging only in an appendix.

The citing sentence

The single closest prior system, ZenBrain [Bering, 2026], names the mechanism explicitly.

HindsightTag, Introduction.

Manuscript (PDF) → (opens in new tab)

Agentic Evolution

A survey by the Sico team at Microsoft Research (Agentic Evolution, 2026) calls forgetting “critically understudied”: very few of the roughly 100 Memory & Sense papers it surveys implement explicit forgetting. It lists ZenBrain as one of four works in its forgetting/lifecycle group and as its only source for sleep-based consolidation.

The citing sentence

ZenBrain (Bering, 2026) integrates fifteen neuroscience-inspired mechanisms into a seven-layer architecture.

Agentic Evolution, section “Forgetting: critically understudied”.

Publication page → (opens in new tab)PDF → (opens in new tab)

EVD

EVD, a paper on an emotional valence dimension for persistent agent memory (R. J. Vandelinder and I. Vandelinder, Exile Research, Zenodo preprint, 15 June 2026), places ZenBrain in its related work.

The citing sentence

More recently, ZenBrain (arXiv 2604.23878) proposed a neuroscience-inspired 7-layer memory architecture that includes emotional valence as one stored field among many.

EVD, Section 2 (Related Work). Reference [6] is ZenBrain.

Zenodo → (opens in new tab)

Built in and rebuilt

Two projects build the library into their code: one reads and writes the ZenBrain SQLite database directly; another uses the FSRS implementation of @zensation/algorithms as the ranking and feedback layer of a knowledge base on radiotherapy literature. Further projects have rebuilt parts of ZenBrain in their own code, two of them in published releases. The data privacy company Osano describes, on the blog of its innovation lab, a seven-layer memory stack for its LLM products whose layers ZenBrain coordinates.

In research lists

ZenBrain appears in the companion list to the Sico team's survey, which Microsoft Research links itself, and, following our submissions, in the research lists of a Tsinghua University centre and of China Telecom's AI institute (TeleAI). For the TeleAI list, the repository, paper and homepage were checked before the merge, and the entry was placed by the list's maintainer.

Companion list to the survey → (opens in new tab)Tsinghua University list → (opens in new tab)TeleAI list → (opens in new tab)

Correction

We re-measure ourselves. We re-checked the paper's evaluation and published the result on 18 September 2026 as a separate correction notice: three of nine comparisons hold, all against A-Mem; the other six are ties at the paper's own criterion, and none is lost. The re-measurements moved four printed figures in the paper's favour.

Correction notice (DOI) → (opens in new tab)

How to cite

Citation formats

APA

Bering, A. (2026). ZenBrain: A Neuroscience-Inspired 7-Layer Memory Architecture for Autonomous AI Systems. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19353663

BibTeX

@misc{bering2026zenbrain,
  author        = {Bering, Alexander},
  title         = {{ZenBrain}: A Neuroscience-Inspired 7-Layer Memory Architecture for Autonomous AI Systems},
  year          = {2026},
  eprint        = {2604.23878},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  primaryClass  = {cs.AI},
  doi           = {10.5281/zenodo.19353663}
}

Disclosure

Availability and disclosure

Data and code availability

The source code of the memory algorithms (ZenBrain) is open source under Apache 2.0 on GitHub and npm. Replication material is permanently archived with a DOI on Zenodo; the preprint is openly accessible on arXiv and Zenodo. A full overview of the open-science materials is available on the resources page.

To the resources page→Check the results live→

Funding and competing interests

This research is self-funded without external grants. The author declares no competing interests.

Software releases

Open-source packages

Scientifically grounded algorithms are released as modular open-source packages under Apache 2.0 on npm and GitHub.

@zensation/algorithms

v0.5.0

Apache 2.0

20 algorithm modules (10 core + 10 advanced), neuroscience-grounded: Hebbian learning, Bayesian confidence propagation, FSRS, sleep-replay simulation, Ebbinghaus decay. Zero dependencies, TypeScript.

(opens in new tab)

@zensation/core

v0.4.0

Apache 2.0

MemoryCoordinator and seven memory-layer implementations. Orchestration of store, recall, consolidate, decay, and FSRS review.

(opens in new tab)

@zensation/adapter-postgres

v0.2.6

Apache 2.0

PostgreSQL adapter with pgvector: server-backed persistence and vector similarity search.

(opens in new tab)

@zensation/adapter-sqlite

v0.2.5

Apache 2.0

SQLite adapter: file-based, zero-config, for development and single-user deployments.

(opens in new tab)

@zensation/mcp

v0.1.9

Apache 2.0

MCP server: agent memory for any Model Context Protocol client.

(opens in new tab)

@zensation/ai-sdk

v0.2.0

Apache 2.0

Vercel AI SDK middleware: recalls before a model call, stores the turn after it.

(opens in new tab)

GitHub organisation

vzensation-ai

Apache 2.0

Full source code, issue tracking, and contribution guidelines for all open-source components.

(opens in new tab)

In preparation

Planned publications

The following work is at different stages of preparation. Submission and publication timing may shift; co-authors are named publicly only after written consent.

  1. Civil-liberties architecture for multi-stage early-warning systems

    Position paper (in preparation)

    Architectural position paper on the structural grounding of fundamental-rights compliance in predictive early-warning systems — eight mandatory corrections vis-à-vis established methods. We are in exploratory contact with suitable journals.

  2. Methodological foundations of reference-case selection

    Methodological companion text (in preparation)

    Selection logic, data-protection sensitivity, annotation schemata, and construct-validity pathway for the publicly accessible reference-case dossier.

  3. Public-sector trade-press contribution

    Trade-press article (in preparation)

    Article in trade publications for police, public-authority, and administration personnel on the methodological demarcation vis-à-vis established risk-analysis methods.

Open-access principles

How we publish

  • ▸Preprint on arXiv before formal submission to journals
  • ▸DOI assignment and permanent archiving via Zenodo
  • ▸OpenTimestamps anchoring as proof of time before submission
  • ▸Software releases under Apache 2.0 on GitHub and npm
  • ▸Conditional-language discipline: co-authors are named publicly only after written consent
Operational detail on the methodology behind these publications→

Frequently asked questions

Questions about the research and the publications

Is the ZenBrain paper peer-reviewed?

It is an Open Access preprint (arXiv and a Zenodo DOI) and is not peer-reviewed. The neuroscience foundations the architecture builds on, however, are published in peer-reviewed journals and are cited in the paper.

Under what licence are the paper and the code released?

The paper is under CC BY 4.0 and the open-source memory core (npm scope @zensation) is under Apache 2.0 — both permit reuse with attribution.

How do I cite the work?

A canonical BibTeX citation is available to copy at the top of this page. Persistent identifiers: arXiv 2604.23878, Zenodo concept DOI 10.5281/zenodo.19353663, ORCID 0009-0001-1793-012X.

Can I reproduce the results?

Yes. Replication material, evaluation scripts, and configurations are available via Zenodo and the resources page; the main benchmark is LongMemEval-500, judged by three independent LLM judges.

Is the research grant-funded?

The work is self-funded without external grants. Funding and consortium collaborations are explicitly welcome; possible pathways are described on the public-sector and funding page.

How can institutions collaborate?

Via research@zensation.ai for general research inquiries and public-sector@zensation.ai for the public sector. Collaboration can range from methodological advice to a joint funding proposal.

Public record

All publications with DOI

Every work is available as a citable, open record with its own DOI — full text freely accessible, every preprint under CC BY 4.0, reproduction and measurement packages under CC BY 4.0 or Apache 2.0. Titles appear in the language of publication.

Cognitive architecture, memory systems & methodology

  1. Dataset21 Sept 2026
    A LoCoMo comparison that does not hold still: the embedder, the judge, the judge's version, the query set and the seed (opens in new tab)
    Version DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.22871152Concept DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.22871151
  2. Preprint15 Sept 2026
    ZenBrain v2: Evolution Hypotheses and a Load-and-Time Protocol on Real Dialogues. A measured diagnosis of the retrieval bottleneck, four evolution lines, and twenty hypotheses with falsification conditions — registered before any of them is built (opens in new tab)
    Version DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.22770129Concept DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.22770128
  3. DatasetFirst published: 14 Sept 2026
    A registered retrieval lever that holds on two benchmarks, and four templates that fail on the pool they were registered for (opens in new tab)
    Version DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.22747080 · 14 Sept 2026Concept DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.22743586
  4. PreprintFirst published: 13 Sept 2026
    ZenBrain v2: Preregistered Improvement Hypotheses. A same-day retrieval baseline on LoCoMo, three predictions closed before publication, and eight levers registered before they are built (opens in new tab)
    Version DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.23106932 · 2 Oct 2026Concept DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.22735477
  5. Dataset13 Sept 2026
    A controlled embedder swap on LoCoMo, and three arms that could not carry a comparison (opens in new tab)
    Version DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.22714835Concept DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.22714834
  6. Preprint2 Sept 2026
    Answer Materiality Where the Source Declares Nothing: A Preregistered Measurement on Published Price-List Versions, with a Coverage Sweep (opens in new tab)
    Version DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.22257895Concept DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.22257894
  7. Software2 Sept 2026
    ZenBrain: Neuroscience-Inspired Agent Memory Library for LLM Agents (opens in new tab)
    Version DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.22260019Concept DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.22260018
  8. Preprint29 Aug 2026
    Do LLM Agents Use Visible Age Signals? A Preregistered Measurement of Judgment, Damage, and Enforcement Need under Shared-State Visibility Delay (opens in new tab)
    Version DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.22164896Concept DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.22164895
  9. Preprint29 Aug 2026
    Measuring What Retrieval Misses: Probe-Calibrated Recall and Absence Estimation Without Assessing the Unretrieved Segment (opens in new tab)
    Version DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.22260175Concept DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.22159672
  10. Software29 Aug 2026
    ZenBrain: Mechanism Ablation Reproduction Package (Tables 7-9) (opens in new tab)
    Version DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.22162064Concept DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.22162063
  11. Software29 Aug 2026
    ZenBrain measurement package: judged outputs, flag manifests, and analysis scripts (opens in new tab)
    Version DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.22161978Concept DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.22161977
  12. Preprint28 Aug 2026
    Answer-Materiality as the Regulated Quantity for Refreshing Exogenous Knowledge: A Preregistered Measurement Protocol and Interface Sketch (opens in new tab)
    Version DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.22148710Concept DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.22148709
  13. Preprint19 Aug 2026
    Four Independence Invariants for Judgment-Quality Measurement in Agent Memory: A Specification (opens in new tab)
    Version DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.22012189Concept DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.22012188
  14. PreprintFirst published: 10 Aug 2026
    Load-Swept Ablation: A Pre-Registered Protocol, and a Granularity Audit of Published Ablation Tables (opens in new tab)
    Version DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21964039 · 16 Aug 2026Concept DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21892234
  15. Preprint10 Aug 2026
    Architecture as the Lever: A Position Grounded in Three Published Measurement Tracks (opens in new tab)
    Version DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21872095Concept DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21872094
  16. Preprint3 Aug 2026
    Reweighting Correlated Voters Does Not Repair Agreement Confidence: Structural Inertness and a Recalibration Control (opens in new tab)
    Version DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21775276Concept DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21775275
  17. Software3 Aug 2026
    Agreement-Confidence Reanalysis: Vote Matrix and Screen (opens in new tab)
    Version DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21773066Concept DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21773065
  18. Preprint2 Aug 2026
    Spontaneous Near-Criticality and Type-Graded Robustness in a Four-Atom Conway Cellular Automaton (opens in new tab)
    Version DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21757922Concept DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21757921
  19. Software2 Aug 2026
    Typed Conway Cellular Automaton: Simulator and Reproduction Package (opens in new tab)
    Version DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21756689Concept DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21756688
  20. Preprint2 Aug 2026
    Semantic Resurrection Bounds Verifiable Deletion: A Measured Characterization of the Identity Ceiling in Agent-Memory Forgetting (opens in new tab)
    Version DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21755993Concept DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21755992
  21. Preprint26 Jul 2026
    The Eleven Open Problems of Multi-Agent Memory Consistency: A Constructive Status Map (opens in new tab)
    Version DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21601019Concept DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21601018
  22. PreprintFirst published: 24 Jul 2026
    Belief-MVCC: A Coherence and Transaction Layer for Shared Agent Memory (opens in new tab)
    Version DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21840970 · 7 Aug 2026Concept DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21549293
  23. PreprintFirst published: 24 Jul 2026
    An Operator Algebra of Cognitive Memory Consolidation: Layered Composition, Lyapunov Stability, and the Cooperative-Survival Theorem (opens in new tab)
    Version DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.22011984 · 19 Aug 2026Concept DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21549092
  24. PreprintFirst published: 24 Jul 2026
    When Does Memory Orchestration Help a Strong LLM? An Efficiency Law and Certified Representation Levers for Long-Term Memory (opens in new tab)
    Version DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.22015932 · 19 Aug 2026Concept DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21548758
  25. PreprintFirst published: 31 Mar 2026
    ZenBrain: A Neuroscience-Inspired 7-Layer Memory Architecture for Autonomous AI Systems (opens in new tab)
    Version DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21858218 · 9 Aug 2026Concept DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19353663
  26. Correction notice18 Sept 2026
    Correction notice for arXiv:2604.23878 (v3) and 10.5281/zenodo.21858218 (v8): thirty-six confirmed findings of a post-publication audit, ordered by class, and what version 9 changes (opens in new tab)
    Version DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.22831087Concept DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.22831086
  27. PreprintFirst published: 16 Aug 2026
    Four Governance Invariants for Organisational Agent Memory: A Specification (opens in new tab)
    Version DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21964564 · 16 Aug 2026Concept DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21964563

Organisation & processes under AI

  1. Preprint3 Aug 2026
    Six Load-Bearing Assumptions: An Assumption Audit of Classical Organization and Process Models Under AI (opens in new tab)
    Version DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21777931Concept DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21777930

Safety-critical systems & measurement protocols

  1. Note22 Sept 2026
    A false trigger is never fixed by recognising the protected attribute that caused it: auditing an alarming person-detection system for discrimination without acquiring the attribute (opens in new tab)
    Version DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.22899170Concept DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.22899169
  2. Preprint8 Aug 2026
    Documenting a Sensor-to-Command Bridge Before Claiming It: A Defensive Disclosure of an Open Situation-Picture Schema with Structural Anonymity Guarantees (opens in new tab)
    Version DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21850839Concept DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21850838
  3. Preprint6 Aug 2026
    Reporting Lead Time Without Overclaiming It: A Pre-Registered Measurement Protocol for Crowd-Monitoring Alerts (opens in new tab)
    Version DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21822270Concept DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21822269

The version DOI points to this exact release; the concept DOI always resolves to the latest one. For citations, the version DOI is the binding reference.

Defensive Publications

Prior art, disclosed and dated

Defensive publications are published disclosures at Technical Disclosure Commons. They establish no exclusive right and no priority. Their purpose is to place a state of the art on the public record, with a date.

We list them separately from the preprints. A preprint contributes to the discourse; a defensive publication is a dated disclosure. Counting them together would overstate the body of work. Eleven filings exist; the four revisions of the ZenBrain disclosure appear here as one entry.

  1. Technical Disclosure Commons1 Apr 2026Four revisions, latest 5 May 2026
    ZenBrain: A Neuroscience-Inspired 7-Layer Memory Architecture for Autonomous AI Systems
  2. Technical Disclosure Commons4 Aug 2026
    Contradiction-Preserving Attributed Organisational Memory with Per-Contribution Erasure
  3. Technical Disclosure Commons4 Aug 2026
    Credential-Bound Capability Chokepoint for Agent-Memory Access by Installed Applications
  4. Technical Disclosure Commons4 Aug 2026
    Existence-Oracle-Free Cross-Node Recall in a Multi-Node Organisational Memory
  5. Technical Disclosure Commons4 Aug 2026
    Statutory Co-Determination as a Fail-Closed Architectural Invariant of a Governed Data Flow
  6. Technical Disclosure Commons4 Aug 2026
    Transitive Multi-Hop Erasure with Proof of Absence in a Derived-Store Agent Memory
  7. Technical Disclosure Commons4 Aug 2026
    Works-Council-Visible-or-Blocked: A Fail-Closed Oversight Gate for Personal-Data Flows Between Nodes
  8. Technical Disclosure Commons18 Aug 2026
    Execution-Mode-Dependent Enforcement of Version-Bound Consent for Delegated Recurring Automation

Identifiers

Where to find the research permanently

arXiv2604.23878 (opens in new tab)Zenodo (DOI)10.5281/zenodo.19353663 (opens in new tab)ORCID0009-0001-1793-012X (opens in new tab)Google ScholarAlexander Bering (opens in new tab)Semantic ScholarAlexander Bering (opens in new tab)GitHubzensation-ai (opens in new tab)

Collaboration

Questions about the work, or interested in replication?

For questions about the preprint, replication studies, or research collaborations, we welcome your message.

Send a research inquiry

More from this research

Related pages

Core and application fields, on a shared ethics foundation.

  • Research →Three tracks: cognitive architectures, safety in public spaces, applied AI.
  • Technology →ZenBrain in depth — 7 memory layers, algorithms, RAG pipeline, performance.
  • Adopt AI →A neutral roadmap for AI adoption — prioritisation, stage-gates, KPIs and EU AI Act / GDPR governance, with an interactive simulation.
  • Methodology →Pre-registration, reproducibility, external validation, data minimisation — operational standards in detail.
  • Benchmarks →ZenBrain by the numbers: every figure with its method, source and verification link.
  • Resources →Code, replication material, BibTeX citation, licences, identifiers.
  • Research ethics →GDPR Art. 89, AI Act Art. 5, Brokdorf line. Eight mandatory corrections.
  • Public sector & funding →Research offerings for BMBF, BBK, universities and research consortia.
  • Principal Investigator →Profile, background, identifiers, contact paths.
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